Environmental damage and pollution from artisanal and small-scale gold
mining in Gumelar Subdistrict, Banyumas Regency,| Environmental damage and pollution from artisanal and small-scale gold mining in Gumelar Subdistrict, Banyumas Regency, Indonesia |
| Heri SULASTIONO |
| Artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) is recently expanding the area on a hill around Gumelar Subdistrict, Banyumas Regency, Indonesia. The mining practice is unique in that they recover gold from pyrite concentrate. The existence of ASGM in Gumelar as well as other areas has caused problems such as safety, public health, and geo-hazard. This note describes the author’s survey result as an environment officer at Banyumas Regency in the years 2012, 2014 and 2016. |
| artisanal and small-scale gold mining, environment, pyrite, ASGM, Gumelar, Banyumas, Indonesia |
| 江戸時代の医史学的資料から見出されたリン酸マグネシウム鉱物 |
| 杉田律子・笠松正昭・大津留 修・大森 毅・中西宏明・齋藤一之・長岡 功・落合則子・酒井シヅ |
| 江戸東京博物館所有の江戸時代の町医者であり兵法家としても知られる井上貫流の資料に，患者の小石のような吐塊物がある．本報告は当時の町医者に関する研究の一環として，XRF，SEM/EDX，XRD，およびFT-IR
によりこの資料を分析した結果である．分析の結果，XRF ではリン,カリウム, カルシウム,マンガン,および鉄が，SEM/EDX ではリンとマグネシウムが検出された．XRD
ではニューベリアイトを主成分とし，ストルバイトと鉄水酸化物を少量含むと考えられる結果が得られ，FT-IRではリン酸マグネシウムが検出された．ニューベリアイトは天然ではバットグアノから見つかっており，また，ヒトを含む 哺乳類の体内で結石として形成されることが知られている．国内では本鉱物を含む堆積物の報告は無く，本報告の資料は形態的には結石に類似している．しかし，現段階では結石に由来するものと断定することは難しく，より詳細な研究が必要であると考えられる． |
| magnesium phosphate minerals, town doctor of Edo era, medico-historical sample |
| A note on the artisanal and small-scale gold mining in Ecuador |
| Luis Leonardo Collahuazo GONZALEZ and Cristian GONZALEZ |
| In Ecuador, the artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) is estimated
to account for 85% of the national goldproduction and is thought to be
produce between 10 and 20 tonnes per year (Veiga et al., 2014; The Global
Environment Facility, 2015). In 2010 National Institute of Geological,
Miningand Metallurgical Research identified a total of 1,349 mining activities.*
In 2017 it was estimated that this number has increased to 1,700 in response
to the soaring price of gold. (*A mining activity is defined by the Ministry
of Mining as mining in legally registered area in which one miner is the
title holder who has manpower for the operation.) The majority of mining occurs in the south of the country, with the three main ASGM areas “Portovelo-Zaruma” (Province of El Oro), “Ponce Enriquez” (Province of Azuay), “Nambija” and “Chinapintza” (Province of Zamora Chinchipe). This letter describes the brief history and present situation to base assessment and action plans in response to the Minamata Convention. |
| artisanal and small-scale gold mining, mercury, ASGM, Ecuador |
A note on the artisanal and small-scale gold mining in Ecuador